Effects of trichostatin A on FHIT and WWOX genes expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in hepatocellular carcinoma WCH 17 cell line

Previously, we evaluated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) are two of the most common down-regulated genes in many cancers located on chromosome 3p14.2 and 16q23.3-24.1 respectively. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of TSA on these genes expression, cell growth, and apoptosis in HCC WCH 17 cell. The cells were seeded and treated with TSA at different times. Then, MTT assay, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR were achieved to determine viability, apoptosis and gene expression respectively. Cell growth was significantly inhibited, 92 to 36% after 24 h, 86 to 28% after 48 h, and 78 to 24% after 72 h. The results of flow cytometry confirmed that TSA increased apoptosis compared to the control group, the apoptosis percentage increased to 12%, 16%, and 18% in comparison to control groups (2%). Significant up-regulation of the genes was observed in all treated groups. We concluded that re-expression of silenced WWOX and FHIT genes could be achieved by TSA resulting in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in WCH 17 cell.

Influencia de la lactancia materna en los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento / Influence of maternal breastfeeding in the physiologic diastema of growth

RESUMEN Introducción: el amamantamiento ha sido la primera forma de alimentación del género humano. Es indiscutible la repercusión de este acto en el desarrollo integral del niño, y el aparato estomatognático no está ajeno a este influjo. Objetivo: identificar el período de lactancia materna y su repercusión en la presencia de los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, se examinaron los 156 niños, de 2 a 5 años de edad, pertenecientes al círculo infantil "Días de Infancia", del área de salud Playa, en el período febrero 2007-febrero 2008. Los datos obtenidos del examen clínico se reflejaron en un formulario confeccionado al efecto. Variables: período de lactancia materna, espacios fisiológicos de crecimiento, espacios de primate. Los datos fueron procesados en tablas y gráficos. Se emplearon análisis estadísticos. Resultados: el 56,4 % de los niños recibieron lactancia por un período menor de 6 meses. El 15.9 % de los que fueron amamantados por un período menor de 6 meses no presentaban estos espacios. Cuando aumentó el periodo de amamantamiento por más de seis meses, la ausencia de espacios disminuyó y solo se evidenció en el 9.0 % de ellos. El 60.6 % reveló la presencia de todos los espacios. El 1.3 % de los niños no recibieron lactancia materna y, sin embargo, si presentaron todos los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento. Conclusiones: se determinó que la mayoría de los niños fueron amamantados por un período de 6 meses o menos. Los diastemas fisiológicos de crecimiento estuvieron más representados cuando la lactancia se prolongó por más de 6 meses (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: breastfeeding has been the first feeding form of the humankind. The repercussion of this act is undeniable in the comprehensive development of the child, and the stomatognathic system does not escape to this influence. Objective: to identify the period of maternal breastfeeding and its repercussion on the physiologic diastema of growth. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in 156 children aged 2-5 years, assisting the day care center "Dias de Infancia", health area Playa, in the period February 2007-February 2008. Data obtained in the clinical examination were shown in a form elaborated for that. The studied variables were maternal breastfeeding period, physiological spaces of growth, primate spaces. Data were processed in tables and graphics. Statistical analyses were used. Results: 56.4 % of the children were breastfed for less than six months. 15.9 % of those who were breastfed for less than six month did not present these spaces. When the breastfeeding period increased for more than six months, the absence of spaces decreased and was evidenced in only 9.0 % of them. 60.6 % showed the presence of all the spaces. 1.3 % of the children were not breastfed, and nevertheless they did show all the physiological diastemata of growth. Conclusions: it was found that most of the children were breastfed for a period of six months or less. Physiological diastemata of growth were more represented when breastfeeding lasted more than six months (AU).

Growth achieved and correlation with blood pressure levels in schoolchildren

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in childhood has increased progressively OBJECTIVE: To analyze blood pressure and height reached by children in public schools in the South of Brazil. METHODS: This is a sectional study of a randomized sample of 1,082 students of six to seven and nine to ten years old used to evaluate blood pressure and height. Blood pressure levels were classified by percentile for gender, age and stature according to the North American reference of National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. RESULTS: Schoolchildren presented adequate growth, which was, on average, higher than the WHO reference values. Blood pressure levels were altered in 13.8% of children, with a higher frequency in the nine and ten year olds (17.6%). The isolated analysis of systolic and diastolic Blood pressure revealed a similar trend, with blood pressure levels higher than the greater the value of the Z-score for stature. CONCLUSION: The schoolchildren in the study evidenced adequate growth and an elevated prevalence of pre-hypertension and arterial hypertension, which tended to be higher in older children and/or those that achieved a greater stature growth.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistémica na infância aumentou progressivamente. OBJETIVO: Analisar a pressão arterial e a altura alcançada pelas crianças nas escolas públicas do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de uma amostra aleatória de 1.082 alunos de 6 a 7 e de 9 a 10 anos de idade, para avaliar a pressão arterial e a altura. Os níveis de pressão arterial foram classificados por percentil segundo gênero, idade e estatura, de acordo com a referência norte-americana do Grupo de Trabalho do Programa Nacional de Estudo em Pressão Arterial sobre a pressão arterial elevada em crianças e adolescentes. RESULTADOS: Escolares apresentaram crescimento adequado, que foi, em média, superior aos valores de referência da OMS. Os níveis de pressão arterial foram alterados em 13,8% das crianças, com maior frequência aos 9 e 10 anos de idade (17,6%). A análise isolada da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica revelou uma tendência similar, com níveis de pressão arterial elevados nas crianças com maiores valores de escore Z para a estatura. CONCLUSÃO: Os escolares no estudo apresentaram um crescimento adequado e uma prevalência elevada de pré-hipertensão e hipertensão arterial, que tendem a ser maiores em crianças mais velhas e/ou naquelas que alcançaram maior crescimento de estatura.

El fallo de medro desde una perspectiva ambulatoria integradora / The failure to thrive from an integrative perspective outpatient

RESUMEN Introducción: el fallo de medro es identificado cuando un niño presenta un crecimiento significativamente menor que sus semejantes, y está asociado frecuentemente con pobre desarrollo mental y psicoemocional. Objetivo: analizar y sintetizar, a través de la producción científica, las características del fallo de medro de un modo integrador, que facilite su abordaje desde la atención ambulatoria. Métodos: se realizó una revisión integrativa, conducida de acuerdo con las siguientes etapas: identificación del tema y elaboración de la pregunta de investigación, establecimiento de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, definición de las informaciones que serían extraídas de los estudios seleccionados, selección de banco y bases de datos para consulta, evaluación de los estudios incluidos en la revisión, interpretación de los resultados y presentación de la síntesis del conocimiento. Conclusiones: el fallo de medro tiene una etiología multifactorial, siendo su prevalencia variable. Se han identificado factores de riesgo biológicos, socioculturales y ambientales. Existe discrepancia entre los autores sobre los elementos diagnósticos para su identificación, constituyendo los criterios estáticos y dinámicos los de mayor aceptación. La clave del éxito radica en la prevención(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Failure to thrive is identified when a child has a significantly lower growth than its peers and is often associated with poor mental and psycho-emotional development. Objective: Analyze and synthesize, through scientific production, the characteristics of failure to thrive in an integrated way that facilitates its approach from outpatient care. Methods: an integrative review, conducted in accordance with the following steps are performed: identification of the subject and development of the research question, establishing the criteria for inclusion and exclusion definition of the information that would be extracted from the selected studies, selection of bank and databases for consultation, evaluation studies included in the review, interpretation of results and presentation of the synthesis of knowledge. Conclusions: The failure to thrive has a multifactorial etiology, with its variable prevalence. Factors have been identified biological, sociocultural and environmental risk. There is a discrepancy between the authors on diagnostic elements for identification, constituting the static and dynamic criteria the most widely accepted. The key to success lies in prevention(AU)

Perfil antropométrico de crianças segundo a estrutura das creches / Anthropometric profile of children in accordance with the structure of daycare centers

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivos avaliar a estrutura de creches públicas e o perfil antropométrico de crianças do município de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Estudo transversal que envolveu 793 crianças assistidas em creches. Contemplaram-se informações para caracterizar as creches (estrutura relacionada à capacidade de atendimento à demanda e à de processamento da alimentação escolar, regime de acolhida, zona de localização) e o estado antropométrico das crianças (Estatura/Idade, Peso/Estatura). Menores escores-Z de Estatura/Idade e Peso/Estatura apresentaram-se nas crianças que frequentavam creches com maior número de crianças por funcionário, em regimes de acolhida de tempo parcial e localizadas na zona rural. As crianças que conviviam em salas de aula e em salas de descanso com maior número de crianças apresentaram, também, menores escores-Z de Estatura/Idade. Constatam-se problemas na estrutura das creches relacionados à capacidade de recursos humanos para prestar atenção às crianças e aos modos de convivência (aglomeração), os quais podem marcar diferenças no estado nutricional. Por sua vez, a frequência à creche em tempo integral e a urbanização predispõem positivamente o crescimento das crianças.

Abstract The scope of this article is to evaluate the structure of public daycare centers and the anthropometric profile of children in the city of Campina Grande in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study that involved 793 children attended in daycare centers. Information to describe the daycare centers were included (structure related to the capacity of demand and the processing power of school meals, reception system of children, location area) and the anthropometric status of the children (Height/Age, Weight/Height). The mean Z-scores for Height/Age and Weight/Height were lower among children from daycare centers with a greater number of children per employee, attended on a part time basis and located in the rural zone. The Z-scores for Height/Age were also lower among children who studied in classrooms and were housed in rest rooms with a greater density of children. Problems were detected in the structure of daycare centers with respect to the capacity of human resources to look after the children and the ways of living together (coexistence), which can make a difference in the nutritional status of the children. For its part, full-time daycare attendance and urbanization predispose children positively to growth.

The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females). Subjects were categorized into three classes (Class I = 81, Class II = 82, Class III = 67), according to the sagittal relationship established between the maxilla and the mandible. The cervical vertebral maturation stage was recorded by means of Baccetti's method. The mean ages at CS3 and CS4 and the CS3-CS4 age interval were compared between boys and girls and among three skeletal classes. Results: Pubertal growth peak occurred on average four months earlier in girls than boys (p = 0.050). The average duration of pubertal growth peak was 11 months in Class I, seven months in Class II and 17 months in Class III subjects. Interclass differences were highly significant (Cohen's d > 0.08). However, no significant difference was found in the timing of pubertal growth peak onset among three skeletal classes (p = 0.126 in boys, p = 0.262 in girls). Conclusions: Girls enter pubertal growth peak on average four months earlier than boys. Moreover, the duration of pubertal growth peak is on average four months shorter in Class II and six months longer in Class III subjects as compared to Class I subjects.

RESUMO Introdução: o pico de crescimento puberal está intimamente relacionado a um rápido aumento no comprimento da mandíbula e propicia uma larga gama de abordagens terapêuticas. Objetivos: o objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar e comparar as idades médias ao começo do pico de crescimento puberal, bem como sua duração, nas três diferentes classes esqueléticas. Métodos: esse estudo retrospectivo transversal foi conduzido usando radiografias celafométricas laterais de 230 indivíduos com potencial de crescimento (110 homens, 120 mulheres). Os indivíduos foram categorizados em 3 classes (Classe I = 81, Classe II = 82, Classe III = 67), conforme a relação sagital presente entre a maxila e a mandíbula. O estágio de maturação cervical foi registrado por meio do método de Baccetti. As idades médias em EMVC3 e EMVC4, bem como o intervalo de idade EMVC3-EMVC4 foram comparados entre meninos e meninas e entre as três classes esqueléticas. Resultados: o pico de crescimento puberal ocorreu, em média, quatro meses mais cedo nas meninas do que nos meninos (p = 0,050). A duração média do pico de crescimento puberal foi de 11 meses nos indivíduos Classe I, 7 meses nos indivíduos Classe II e de 17 meses nos indivíduos Classe III. As diferenças interclasses foram altamente significativas (d de Cohen > 0,08). Porém, não foram identificadas diferenças significativas quanto à época de início do pico de crescimento puberal entre as três classes esqueléticas (p = 0,126 nos garotos, p = 0,262 nas garotas). Conclusões: as meninas entram no pico de crescimento puberal, em média, quatro meses antes dos meninos. Além disso, a duração do pico de crescimento puberal é, em média, quatro meses menor em indivíduos Classe II e seis meses maior nos indivíduos Classe III, em comparação aos indivíduos Classe I.

The impact of intensive high performance training on adult height of female artistic gymnasts: a retrospective study / O impacto do treinamento de alta intensidade sobre a estatura adulta de ginastas de alto nível: um estudo retrospectivo

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the potential impact of the high performance training on the anthropometric and maturational characteristics of female artistic gymnasts and to compare the adult target height with international standards of growth. A sample consisted of 23 elite Brazilian female former gymnasts was evaluated. From a historic retrospective, about 29.56 yrs. ago (average of all) they devoted themselves to the training for 9.3 (2.6) years, with a weekly 24.26 (4.2) training hours, and had been retired from competition around at 13.61 (5.12) years old. From the anthropometric data of the gymnasts (while still competing), their parents and their older sister (1) and younger sister (2), the target height was calculated by Tanner method {[(father’s height -13 cm) + mother’s height] ÷ 2}. Additionally, training history, age of menarche occurrence, and growth classifying in accordance with the international standards was recorded, aimed at comparisons. The average stature shown normal adult stature (NCHS), and some cases surpassed the standard 75th, 90th and 95th percentile. They are higher than their mother (p = 0.039), but not their sister 1 (0.952) or sister 2 (p = 0.998), but the age of menarche was significantly later only than their sisters 1 (p = 0.008) and 2 (p = 0.017). According to the Brazilian percentiles reference (IBGE), the final height of the former gymnasts was always higher of the standard, slightly smaller than their sisters 2 (5th and 10th), but was taller than their mothers and sisters 1. In conclusion, there is no evidence of artistic gymnastics high performance training having adverse effects on the final adult height.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o potencial impacto do treinamento de alta intensidade sobre as características antropométricas e maturacionais de ex-atletas da ginástica artística feminina e comparar a estatura adulta com padrões internacionais de crescimento. Uma amostra composta de 23 ex-atletas de elite da ginástica artística feminina brasileira foi avaliada. A partir de uma retrospectiva histórica média de 29,56 anos, foi determinado o tempo médio de formação [9,3 (2,6) anos], horas semanais de treinamento [24,26 (4,2)] e tempo após encerramento da carreira competitiva (13,61 ± 5,12 anos). A partir dos dados antropométricos das ginastas (quando ativas), o alvo parental da estatura das ex-atletas, de suas irmãs mais velhas (1) e mais jovens (2) foi calculado pelo método de Tanner {[(Altura do pai - 13 cm) + Altura da mãe] ÷ 2}. Além disso, o histórico de treino, idade de ocorrência da menarca e classificação do crescimento segundo os padrões internacionais, foram registrados para comparações. A estatura média das ex-atletas apresentou normalidade esperada para estatura adulta (NCHS), e em alguns casos ultrapassaram os valores dos percentis 75%, 90% e 95%. As ex-atletas foram maiores do que suas mães (p = 0,039), mas não diferiram da irmã 1 (0,952) ou irmã 2 (p = 0,998). A idade da menarca daquelas foi significantemente mais tardia do que de suas irmãs 1 (p = 0,008) e 2 ( p = 0,017). Em relação às referências brasileiras (IBGE), a altura final das ex-ginastas foi sempre maior do que o padrão nacional, ligeiramente menor do que suas irmãs 2 em alguns momentos (centis 5 e 10), mas eram mais altas do que suas mães e irmãs 1. Em conclusão, não há evidências de que o treinamento de alto impacto da ginástica artística resulte em efeitos adversos sobre a estatura adulta final das atletas.

Impact of acute undernutrition on growth, ileal morphology and nutrient transport in a murine model

Undernutrition represents a major public health challenge for middle- and low-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate whether a multideficient Northeast Brazil regional basic diet (RBD) induces acute morphological and functional changes in the ileum of mice. Swiss mice (∼25 g) were allocated into two groups: i) control mice were fed a standard diet and II) undernourished mice were fed the RBD. After 7 days, mice were killed and the ileum collected for evaluation of electrophysiological parameters (Ussing chambers), transcription (RT-qPCR) and protein expression (western blotting) of intestinal transporters and tight junctions. Body weight gain was significantly decreased in the undernourished group, which also showed decreased crypt depth but no alterations in villus height. Electrophysiology measurements showed a reduced basal short circuit current (Isc) in the undernourished group, with no differences in transepithelial resistance. Specific substrate-evoked Isc related to affinity and efficacy (glutamine and alanyl-glutamine) were not different between groups, except for the maximum Isc (efficacy) induced by glucose. Transcription of Sglt1 and Pept1 was significantly higher in the undernourished group, while SN-2 transcription was decreased. No changes were found in transcription of CAT-1 and CFTR, while claudin-2 and occludin transcriptions were significantly increased in the undernourished group. Despite mRNA changes, SGLT-1, PEPT-1, claudin-2 and occludin protein expression showed no difference between groups. These results demonstrate early effects of the RBD on mice, which include reduced body weight and crypt depth in the absence of significant alterations to villus morphology, intestinal transporters and tight junction expression.

Pools and rapids as spawning and nursery areas for fish in a river stretch without floodplains

This study aimed to evaluate the importance of two environments situated in the main channel of the Peixe River (a tributary of the upper Uruguay River) on fish reproduction and initial growth. Ichthyoplankton, macrozooplankton, and zoobenthos collections were taken on a monthly basis from October 2011 to March 2012, sampling a rapids and a pool environment. The instrument used for the capture of the ichthyoplankton in both environments was a light trap. In total, 795 eggs and 274 larvae were captured. The species that presented higher abundance and occurrence frequency out of the total captured in both environments were Leporinus obtusidens, Bryconamericus iheringii, and Bryconamericus stramineus. The evaluation of the feeding activity reveals a major repletion degree of the larvae in more advanced stages in the pool. The pool environment presented a higher abundance of larvae in more advanced development stages. We conclude that the channel of the Peixe River is important for the reproduction and initial growth of fish and that each river environment seems to fulfill a different role in the life cycle of the ichthyoplankton community...

Este trabalho avaliou a importância de dois ambientes situados no canal principal do rio do Peixe (afluente do alto rio Uruguai) na reprodução e crescimento inicial dos peixes. As coletas de ictioplâncton, macrozooplâncton e zoobentos foram realizadas mensalmente no período de outubro de 2011 a março de 2012, amostrando um ambiente de corredeira e um ambiente de poço. O instrumento utilizado para a captura do ictioplâncton nos dois ambientes foi a armadilha luminosa. No total, foram capturados 795 ovos e 274 larvas. As espécies que apresentaram maior abundância e frequência de ocorrência do total capturado nos dois ambientes foram Leporinus obtusidens, Bryconamericus iheringii e Bryconamericus stramineus. A avaliação da atividade alimentar revela um maior grau de repleção das larvas em estágios mais avançados no ambiente de poço. O ambiente de poço apresentou uma maior abundância de larvas nos estágios mais avançados de desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que o canal do rio do Peixe é importante para a reprodução e crescimento inicial de peixes e que cada ambiente do rio parece cumprir um papel diferente no ciclo de vida da comunidade ictioplanctônica...

Early development and allometric growth in Nannacara anomala Regan, 1905 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) under laboratory conditions

Morphological development and allometric growth of laboratory reared Nannacara anomala were studied from hatching to the loss of larval characters and beginning of squamation (18 days post-hatching) at 26°C. The mean total length (TL) of larvae and juveniles increased from 3.74 mm at hatching to 9.60 mm at metamorphosis. Morphogenesis and differentiation were most intense during the first week of development. During this period (TL interval = 3.74 - 4.84 mm) there was an evident priority to enhance the feeding and swimming capabilities by promoting accelerated growth in the head and tail regions. Following this period, there was a major decrease in growth coefficients, indicating a change in growth priorities. Observations on the early development of Nannacara anomala confirmed the basic uniformity development of a substrate brooding cichlid...

Se realizó el estudio del desarrollo morfológico y crecimiento alométrico de Nannacara anomala criada en el laboratorio en la temperatura de 26°C, entre la eclosión y la pérdida de todas las características de larva y el principio del proceso de escamación (a los 18 días de la eclosión). La total logitud media (TL) de larvas aumentó de 3,74 mm en eclosión a 9,60 mm en el momento de metamorfosis. La morfogénesis y la diferenciación fueron más intensos durante la primera semana del desarrollo. En este periodo (el intervalo TL= 3,74 - 4,84) se observó una gran prioridad en la mejora de habilidades de encontrar alimento y nadar al promover el crecimiento de la zona de la cabeza y la cola. Transcurrido este periodo se notó una importante bajada de los coeficientes del crecimiento lo que indica el cambio de prioridades de crecimiento de distintas partes del cuerpo. Las observaciones del desarrollo temprano de Nannacara anomala confirman las similitudes principales en el desarrollo de cíclidos criados en sustratos...

Side-to-side growth discrepancies in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: association with function, activity and social participation / Discrepâncias no crescimento dos dimídios em crianças com paralisia cerebral hemiplégica: associação com a função, atividades e participação social

Objective: Evaluate side-to-side discrepancies in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP), and investigate associations of these discrepancies with patients’ age at initiation of physical therapy, motor and cognitive function, and degree of activities and social participation. Method: We obtained eight side-to-side measurements from 24 HCP children with mean age 49.3±5.2 months. Results: Early initiation of physical therapy was associated with lower discrepancy in hand length (p=0.037). Lower foot length discrepancy was associated with lower requirement for caregiver assistance in activities related to mobility. Increased side-to-side discrepancy was associated with reduced wrist extension and increased spasticity. Discrepancy played a larger role in children with hemineglect and in those with right involvement. Conclusion: Increased discrepancy in HCP children was associated with reduced degree of activity/social participation. These results suggest an association between functional use of the extremities and limb growth. .

Objetivo: Avaliar a discrepância entre o crescimento dos lados do corpo em crianças com paralisia cerebral hemiplégica (PCH), e investigar sua associação com a idade de início do tratamento de fisioterapia, função motora e cognitiva, grau de atividades e participação social. Método: Comparamos oito medidas obtidas de 24 crianças com PCH e com média de idade de 49,3±5,2 meses. Resultados: O início precoce da fisioterapia se relacionou à menor discrepância no comprimento da mão (p=0,037). A menor discrepância no comprimento do pé se relacionou à menor necessidade de ajuda do cuidador em atividades de mobilidade. A maior discrepância esteve relacionada à menor extensão de punho e à maior espasticidade. A discrepância foi mais importante em crianças com heminegligência e com envolvimento à direita. Conclusão: Crianças com PCH com maior discrepância apresentaram menor atividade/participação social. Os resultados sugerem associação entre o uso funcional da mão e o crescimento das extremidades. .

Use of insulin-like growth factor in the healing of open wounds in diabetic and non-diabetic rats

To analyze the effects of application of 1% and 3% insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) cream on the process of wound healing in induced skin lesions in diabetic and non-diabetic rats and evaluate its effect on expression of myofibroblasts. METHODS: Ninety-six Wistar adult male rats were divided into six groups, with 16 rats in each group, as follows: group 1: non-diabetic, untreated; group 2: non-diabetic, treated with 1% IGF-1 cream; group 3: non-diabetic, treated with 3% IGF-1 cream; group 4: diabetic, untreated; group 5: diabetic, treated with 1% IGF-1 cream; and group 6: diabetic, treated with 3% IGF-1 cream. In groups 4, 5, and 6, diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan. After diabetes had been induced, animals were mantained for 3 months. The experimental procedure consisted of the creation of a circular incision of 0.9 mm in diameter using a metal punch. Following this, wounds were treated daily according to the assigned treatment regimen. Groups 2 and 5 were treated with 1% IGF-1 cream, groups 3 and 6 with 3% IGF-1 cream, and groups 1 and 4 and the untreated groups with 0.9% saline solution. From each group, samples from 4 rats were taken at three, seven, 14, and 21 days after the injury. Samples were fixed in 10% formalin to prepare slides for histological analysis. Slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson were observed vascular proliferation, mononuclear cells, polymorphonuclear cells, fibroblast proliferation, re-epithelialization, and collagen fibers. This study analyzed the expression of α-smooth muscle actin using specific antibodies to correlate the temporal expression of α-smooth muscle-specific actin (α-SM actin), a molecular marker for myofibroblast transformation. RESULTS: Macroscopic observation of wounds showed a more rapid re-epithelialization of wounds treated with IGF. Regarding acute inflammatory reactions, the results of the analysis of vascular.

Growth following solid organ transplantation in childhood

One of the ultimate goals of successful solid organ transplantation in pediatric recipients is attaining an optimal final adult height. This manuscript will discuss growth following transplantation in pediatric recipients of kidney, liver, heart, lung or small bowel transplants. Remarkably similar factors impact growth in all of these recipients. Age is a primary factor, with younger recipients exhibiting the greatest immediate catch-up growth. Graft function is a significant contributing factor, with a reduced glomerular filtration rate correlating with poor growth in kidney recipients and the need for re-transplantation with impaired growth in liver recipients. The known adverse impact of steroids on growth has led to modification of the steroid dose and even steroid withdrawal and avoidance. In kidney and liver recipients, this strategy has been associated with the development of acute rejection. In infant heart transplantation, avoiding maintenance corticosteroid immunosuppression is associated with normal growth velocity in the majority of patients. With marked improvements in patient and graft survival rates in pediatric organ recipients, quality of life issues, such as normal adult height, should now receive paramount attention. In general, normal growth following solid organ transplantation should be an achievable goal that results in normal adult height.

Pressão arterial, crescimento alcançado e estado nutricional de crianças de seis e de dez anos de idade de escolas públicas de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina / Blood pressure, attained growth and nutritional status of children of six and ten years of age of public schools of Florianopolis, Santa Catarina

A detecção de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em crianças vem aumentando e tem sido relacionada ao aumento da prevalência da obesidade na infância. A evidência da transição nutricional em escolares torna importante o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que avaliem a relação entre pressão arterial (PA), crescimento e estado nutricional em escolares. Objetivos: Avaliar a PA, o crescimento e o estado nutricional de crianças de seis e sete anos e de nove e dez anos de idade de escolas públicas de Florianópolis, SC. Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico de uma amostra aleatória e probabilística de 1082 escolares, de dois grupos de idade. Foram avaliados indicadores antropométricos e de composição corporal: peso (P), estatura (E), prega cutânea tricipital (PCT), circunferência da cintura (CC), cintura abdominal (CA), razão de CC/E e CA/E e índice de massa Corporal (IMC), área gorda (AGB) e área muscular do braço (AMB), analisados pelos referenciais da OMS de 2007 e de Frisancho. Os níveis pressóricos foram classificados individualmente em percentis em relação ao referencial norte-americano, para sexo, idade e estatura, segundo o preconizado pelo National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (NHBPEP). Analisou-se a correlação entre crescimento, estado nutricional, composição corporal e a PA nos dois grupos etários e as relações com peso de nascimento e estado nutricional. A análise de risco para a razão...

The detection of Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) in children is increasing and is being associated with increased prevalence of obesity in childhood. The evidence of the nutritional transition in schoolchildren makes it important to develop studies to evaluate the relationships between blood pressure (BP), growth and nutritional status of schoolchildren. Objectives: Evaluate BP, growth and nutritional status of children six and seven, and nine and 10 years of age, who attend public schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Method: A cross sectional analytical study of a probabilistic sample of 1,082 school children from two age groups. The following anthropometric and body composition data were evaluated: Weight (W), Height (H), Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TST), Waist Circumference (WC), Abdominal Waist (AW), ratio of WC/H and AW/H, Body Mass Index (BMI), Arm Fat Area (AFA) and Arm Muscle Area (AMA). These measurements were analysed based on the WHO reference (2007) and Frisancho tables. Blood pressure levels were individually classified in percentiles according to the U.S. benchmark test in relation to sex, age and height in line with the recommendations of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (NHBPEP). We analysed the correlation between growth, nutritional status, body composition and BP of the two age groups, as well as the relationship between birth weight and nutritional...

Diversidad alimentaria y su asociación con el retraso del crecimiento en niños de 6-23 meses. Perú, 2008-2010 / Dietary diversity and its association with growth retardation in children aged 6-23 months. Peru, 2008-2010

Objetivo. Analizar la situación de la diversidad alimentaria (DA) en niños de 6-23 meses en Perú, ysu relación con el crecimiento infantil y factores sociodemográficos asociados. Material ymétodos. La presente tesis constituye un análisis secundario del Monitoreo Nacional deIndicadores Nutricionales (MONIN) 2008-2010. Se construyeron puntajes de DiversidadAlimentaria (DA) según lo propuesto por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se describió lasituación de la DA según características de la madre, el niño y los hogares. Asimismo, se empleó unmodelo de regresión logística para estimar la asociación entre el retraso de crecimiento y la DA,ajustado por potenciales variables de confusión. (...) Conclusiones. La alimentación del niño de 6-23 meses en Perú esmonótona, con un bajo consumo generalizado de alimentos de origen animal. Mejorar la ingesta demicronutrientes y las prácticas de alimentación complementaria, especialmente a través de ladiversificación de la dieta son aspectos cruciales para prevenir el retraso de crecimiento. Debendesarrollarse estudios para definir cuestiones metodológicas, y examinar la relación entre DA yaspectos como seguridad alimentaria, adecuación nutricional y exceso de peso, que permitan su usoen diferentes condiciones y contextos.

Objective. To analyze the dietary diversity (DD) situation in Peruvian children aged 6-23months, and its relationship to child growth and associated socio-demographic factors.Material and methods. This thesis is a secondary analysis of the National Surveillance ofNutritional Indicators (MONIN) 2008-2010. Dietary diversity (DD) score was constructedaccording to suggested by the World Health Organization. The status of DD was described bycharacteristics of the mother, child and households. Also, it was used a logistic regressionmodel to estimate the association between stunting and DD, model was adjusted by potentialconfounding variables. (...) Conclusions. Diet of Peruvian children 6-23 months is monotonous, generally poorin animal source foods. Improve micronutrient intake and complementary feeding practices,especially through diet diversification are crucial to prevent stunting. Studies to definemethodological aspects and examine the relationship between DD and issues such as foodsecurity, nutritional adequacy and excess weight, appropriate to be used in different contexts,should be developed.

Guía de procedimientos para la consulta nutricional en todo nivel de atención / Procedure guide nutritional attention in every attention level

La Consulta Nutricional es el proceso dinámico y estructurado que comprende tres etapas: i) la Evaluación Nutricional que está compuesta por 9 pasos (Paso 1: Evaluación de signos clínicos de deficiencias nutricionales; Paso 2: Evaluación de la interacción entre nutrientes y fármacos; Paso 3: Evaluación de la ingesta de alimentos y factores que la afectan, Paso 4: Evaluación de la actividad física; Paso 5 Evaluación del crecimiento y la composición corporal; Paso 6: Evaluación de la Bioquímica Nutricional; Paso 7: Evaluación del componente visceral; Paso 8 Evaluación del componente inmunológico; Paso 9: Evaluación de componente catabólico); ii) el Diagnóstico Nutricional que representa una resumen de la situación Nutricional de la persona expresado en términos de Hallazgo, Evidencia clínica y Asociación probable; y iii) la Elaboración de Indicaciones Nutricionales que pueden ser de 4 tipos diferentes de acuerdo a la situación clínica del individuo: una Recomendación Nutricional y/o Recomendación Dietética, si la persona está aparentemente sana y una prescripción Nutrioterapéutica y/o Prescripción Dietotereapéutica si el individuo está enlermo.

The Nutritional Consultation is a dynamic , structured process consisting of three components : i) Nutritional Assessment that consists of 9 steps (Step 1 : Evaluation of clinical signs of nutritional excess or deficiencies ; Step 2: Evaluation of the interaction between nutrients and drugs ; Paso 3: Assessment of lood intake and factors affecting it , Step 4 Assessment of physical activity ; Step 5 : Evaluation 01 growth and body composition; Step 6: Evaluation of Nutritional Biochemistry ; Step 7 : Evaluation of visceral component , Step 8: evaluation of the immunological component ; Step 9: Evaluation of catabolic component), ii) the Nutrition Diagnosis represents a summary of the nutritional status of the individual expressed in terms of findings , clinical evidence and probable Association , and iii) the Development 01 Nutritional particulars which may be 4 different types according to the clinical situation of the individual: a nutritional recommendation and / or Recommendation Dietetics, if the person is apparently healthy and a prescription Dietoterapic and/or Prescripción Nutrioterapic or if the individual is sick.

Growth curve of female collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) raised in captivity in the Brazilian Amazon Region / Curva de crescimento de fêmeas cateto (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro na Amazônia Brasileira

This work aims to determine the most suitable nonlinear model to describe the growth of female collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). The monthly records of the weight of 10 captive female collared peccaries over a period of two years in the Brazilian Amazon Region were used. The growth models used were the Von Bertalanffy, Brody, Gompertz and Logistic. The parameters were estimated by using the NLIN procedure from the SAS application. The criteria used to verify the adjustment of the models were: asymptotic standard deviation (ASD); coefficient of determination (R²); average absolute residual deviation (ARD) and the asymptotic rate (AR). The Brody model and the Logistic model estimated the highest (19.44kg) and the lowest (19.18kg) asymptotic weight (A), indicating the lowest (0.0070kg/day) and the highest (0.0121kg/day) maturation rate (K). These results and the coefficients of phenotypic correlation that varied from -0.75 and -0.47 confirmed the antagonistic nature between these parameters. The Brody model estimated the lower value for ARD, a limiting factor for describing the lowest value for AR through this model. The Brody model showed the best adjustment for AR, although the other models also showed a suitable adjustment to the weight data of said species/gender. Based on the AR obtained in this work, the Brody model is recommended for adjusting the growth curve of the female collared peccaries. Depending on the estimated values, especially for K, this trait can be included in a selection index.

Com o objetivo de ajustar modelos não-lineares, foram utilizados registros mensais do peso de 10 fêmeas de cateto (Pecari tajacu) coletados durante dois anos, no criatório do campo experimental Álvaro Adolfo da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, PA. Utilizaram-se os modelos de Von Bertalanffy, Brody, Gompertz e Logístico. Os parâmetros foram estimados usando o procedimento NLIN do aplicativo SAS. Os critérios utilizados para verificar o ajuste dos modelos foram: desvio padrão assintótico (ASD); coeficiente de determinação (R²); desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos (ARD) e o índice assintótico (AR). Os modelos Brody e Logístico estimaram, respectivamente, o maior (19,44kg) e o menor (19,18kg) peso assintótico (A), caracterizando a menor (0,0064kg/dia) e a maior (0,0113kg/dia) taxa de maturação (K), haja vista a natureza antagônica entre estes parâmetros, comprovada pela correlação fenotípica variando entre -0,75 à -0,47. O modelo Brody estimou o menor valor para o ARD, fator limitante para caracterizar o menor valor para o AR por este modelo. Considerando o AR, o modelo Brody apresentou o melhor ajuste, contudo, pelos valores encontrados, os demais modelos também apresentaram ajuste adequando aos dados ponderais da referida espécie/sexo. Com base no AR adotado neste trabalho, recomenda-se o modelo Brody para ajustar a curva de crescimento de fêmeas de cateto (Pecari tajacu). Em razão dos valores estimados, sobretudo, para a K, essa característica pode ser incluída em um índice de seleção. Contudo, estudos com grupos mais representativos e criados em outras condições se faz oportuno.

Abundância, sazonalidade, reprodução e crescimento da concha de uma população de Achatina fulica [Bowdicj, 1822] [Mollusca, achatinidae] em ambiente urbano / Abundance, seasonnality, reproduction and growth of shell in a population of Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) (Mollusca, Achatinidae) in urban environment / Abundancia, estaciónalidad, reproducción y crecimento de concha en una población de Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) (Mollusca, Achatinidad) en ambiente urbano

Achatina fulica foi introduzida no Brasil na década de 1980 e hoje se encontra distribuída em 24 estados e noDistrito Federal. Suas populações estão concentradas nas áreas urbanas e vêm causando incômodos as populações humanaspor se tornarem pragas de jardins, hortas e pomares, além de atuarem como hospedeira em potencial de zoonoses e parasitosesde interesse veterinário. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a abundância, sazonalidade, reprodução e o crescimentoda concha de uma população de A. fulica em ambiente urbano. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de amostragens mensaisentre maio de 2011 e abril de 2012. Foram observados aspectos tais como abundância e sazonalidade, estação reprodutiva eo crescimento da concha. A população de A. fulica sofreu uma oscilação em sua abundância durante o ano, sendo mais abundanteem junho de 2011 e fevereiro de 2012. A reprodução ocorreu principalmente em maio/junho de 2011 e em fevereiro/março de 2012. O ritmo de crescimento da concha demonstrou que na fase juvenil é acelerado e torna-se mais lento após amaturidade sexual.

In Brazil, populations of Achatina fulica are spread over Brazilian states. Dense populations of A. fulica arenuisance to human populations and pest to gardens and small crops. Such populations also act in the transmission of two zoonosisas well as other parasitosis of veterinary importance. The control of the snails populations by moluscicides substanceshave been used as a parasite populations control measure. However, the efficient control of parasites by this mean depends onthe knowledge of the snails biology and behaviour, as well as the elucidation of abiotic factors influence over these aspects.The aim of this work was the description of abundance, seasonality and the investigation of aspects relating to growth andreproduction of this specie in its natural environment. From May 2011 to April 2012, monthly snail samples were collectedand observed the aspects such as breeding and growth of the shell. The population of A. fulica suffered an oscillation inabundance during the year, being more abundant in June/2011 and February/2012. Reproduction occurred mainly in May/June 2011 and February/March 2012. The growth of the shell showed that the juvenile phase is accelerated and becomesslower after sexual maturity.

Achatina fúlica fue introducida en Brasil en la década de 1980 y actualmente se encuentra distribuida en 24estados y en el Distrito Federal. Sus poblaciones se concentran en las áreas urbanas y están causando incómodos a las poblacioneshumanas, convirtiéndose en plagas de jardines, huertos y pomares, además de actuar como hospedera en potencialde zoonosis y parasitosis de interés veterinario. Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo estudiar la abundancia, estacionalidad,reproducción y el crecimiento de la concha de una población de A. fúlica en ambiente urbano. Se ha obtenido los datos pormedio de muestras mensuales entre mayo de 2011 y abril de 2012. Se observó aspectos tales como abundancia y estacionalidad,estación reproductiva y el crecimiento de la concha. La población de A. fúlica sufrió oscilación en su abundancia duranteel año, siendo más abundante en junio de 2011 y febrero de 2012. La reproducción ocurrió principalmente en mayo/junio de2011 y en febrero/marzo de 2012. El ritmo de crecimiento de la concha mostró que en la fase juvenil es acelerado y se hacemás lento tras la madurez sexual.

Growth of Critically Endangered annual fish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) at different temperatures

Given the importance of knowledge of the biology of endangered species for the planning of conservation and management efforts, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of temperature on the growth of Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl, 1924). To clarify the thermal influence on the growth of the species, temperatures of 16, 20, 24 , and 28°C were tested in triplicate. The present study showed that a water temperature of 28°C is detrimental to the growth of the species. Among the other tested temperatures, it was found that the optimum temperature for growth decreases as an individual ages and is slightly lower for females. It was demonstrated here that males reach a higher weight and length, and grow faster than females, reaching sexual maturity earlier. To optimize the growth of this species in captivity, the ideal temperature of the water during the initial life period is 24°C, until after puberty when the temperature should decrease to about 21°C.

Devido à importância do conhecimento da biologia das espécies ameaçadas de extinção para o planejamento de ações de conservação e manejo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência da temperatura sobre o crescimento de Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl, 1924). Para verificar a influência da temperatura no crescimento da espécie, as temperaturas de 16, 20, 24 e 28° C foram testadas em triplicata. O presente estudo mostrou que a temperatura da água de 28° C é prejudicial para o crescimento da espécie. Entre as outras temperaturas testadas, verificou-se que a temperatura ótima para o crescimento diminui ao longo da vida e é ligeiramente menor para as fêmeas. Foi demonstrado aqui que os machos alcançam um maior peso e comprimento e crescem mais rápido do que as fêmeas, atingindo a maturidade sexual anteriormente. Para otimizar o crescimento da espécie em cativeiro, a temperatura ideal da água durante o período inicial de vida é de 24° C, já após a puberdade, a temperatura deverá diminuir para cerca de 21°C.

Preditores do crescimento linear no primeiro ano de vida em uma coorte prospectiva de crianças a termo com peso adequado / Predictors of linear growth in the first year of life of a prospective cohort of full term children with normal birth weight

OBJETIVO: Investigar covariáveis que possam interferir na variação da média do índice comprimento/idade em escore Z no primeiro ano de vida de crianças nascidas a termo com peso adequado. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo, envolvendo pares de mães e crianças recrutadas nas maternidades públicas de dois municípios do estado da Bahia, entre março de 2005 e outubro de 2006. Neste estudo, apresentam-se os resultados para o crescimento linear de 489 crianças acompanhadas durante os primeiros 12 meses de vida. O modelo de efeitos mistos foi utilizado para explorar a influência de covariáveis na média do índice comprimento/idade em escore Z no primeiro ano de vida. RESULTADOS: Na análise múltipla de efeito misto, observou-se que ausência de coabitação materna com companheiro (β = 0,2347; p = 0,004) e maior tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo (β = 0,0031; p < 0,001) contribuíram positivamente, enquanto a altura materna menor do que 150 cm (β = -0,4393; p < 0,001), peso ao nascer entre 2.500-2.999 g (β = -0,8084; p < 0,001) e a anemia na criança (β = -0,0875; p < 0,001) contribuíram de forma negativa na variação das estimativas do índice comprimento/idade em escore Z. CONCLUSÕES: Assim, os resultados deste estudo indicam que a baixa estatura materna, o peso de nascimento < 3.000 g e a anemia influenciaram negativamente o crescimento linear no primeiro ano de vida, enquanto a maior duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e a ausência de coabitação materna com companheiro exerceram influência positiva.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate covariates that could affect the variation in mean length/age z scores in the first year of life of children born full term with normal birth weight. METHODS: This was a prospective study of a cohort of mother-infant pairs recruited at public maternity units in two municipalities in the Brazilian state of Bahia, from March 2005 to October 2006. This paper reports the results for linear growth of 489 children who were followed-up for the first 12 months of their lives. A mixed-effect regression model was used to investigate the influence of covariates of mean length/age z score during the first year of life. RESULTS: The multivariate mixed effect analysis indicated that mothers not cohabiting with a partner (β = 0.2347; p = 0.004) and increased duration of exclusive breastfeeding (β = 0.0031; p < 0.001) had a positive impact, whereas mother’s height less than 150 cm (β = -0.4393; p < 0.001), birth weight of 2,500-2,999 g (β = -0.8084; p < 0.001) and anemia in the child (β = -0.0875; p < 0.001) all had a negative impact on the variation in estimated length/age z score. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the results of this study indicate that short maternal stature, birth weight < 3,000 g and anemia in the infant had a negative effect on linear growth during the first year of life, whereas longer duration exclusive breastfeeding and mothers who did not cohabit with a partner had a positive effect.